All about Internet !

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 Introduction to Internet 



Internet is simply a global network of billions of computers and electronic devices. With the help of internet , it has now become accessible to communicate with anyone and to retrieve any information across the world. When someone says computer is online this means that it is connected to  internet.

Internet History

Basically cold war is the generating root of this Internet . During the decade of 1960 to 1970 cold war was at a level between USA and Russia. Both the countries were fearful of atomic bomb. There will be huge communication gap between various group of armies located at two separate parts of countries due to  harmful radiations of atomic bomb. America felt this danger priorly . So they thought to build a mechanism   to share information to all parts of their country secretly through underground cables. The sent information will be stored inside a computer. There was a condition that there would be no centralized place/authority for it,s operation. Because once these centralized system will be destroyed then the internet system will stop working.  This task was assigned to ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency)  in USA.  They formed an amazing communicating system known as Arconet. And all the important computers were connected to this Arconet. When the cold war ended then this Arconet system  was assigned to NSF(National Science Foundation) publicly. Till 1990 this Arconet becomes famous with the name of Internet.

Working Of Internet

Whenever a user request  some information   from his computer. This information is already stored in some data centers across  countries. The stored information travels through some means to reach the requested computer.  There are some approach through which data may travel .

First Approach :   The data stored inside data centers should be send to some satellite and this satellite will forward this received data to requested computer.
But this approach is not trivial because the requested data will have to travel through thousands of kilometres to reach the destination.  As a result there will be a big time margin which is not convenient for most internet devices. So this approach is not suitable .

Another Approach : Since every internet device has a unique ip address and every website has a domain name . With every  domain name there is a corresponding IP address.  So whatever request is done by any i/p address that request is send to DNS(Domain Name System Server) server. That DNS server will act like a phonebook in which every domain name has a registered IP address. That requested IP address travels through the OPTICAL FIBER CABLE which is grounded under sea, mountains to reach to the data center. That requested data put inside  data center as memory travels through same optical cable with a very fast speed to reach that unique IP address computer.  




Important Terminology Used With Internet

  • WWW : This stands for World Wide Web. It is a huge collection of pages of information linked to each other around one globe. Every page is a combination of text, audio, video, picture, animation and hyperlinks. Berness Lee  is known as father of WWW.

  • http vs https : This stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.  These are some of set of rules and regulations through which user can access internet. But there is a problem in http that when the requested data packet from server reaches to the browser . This data is in complete plain text form. This can be tracked by any 3rd party. So a more secured protocol that is https  comes into picture where "s"  stands for security. In this protocol that data packets are in encrypted form which cannot be tracked easily.

  • IP Address : As discussed above.

  • URL : URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.  Url is a unique global address of web document on www. Url don,t have any copy and are unique in nature. There are two parts in Url   1). Protocol  2). Resource name(address of web page) .  For example "https: www.google.com" has 'https' as protocol and 'www.google.com' as resource address.

  • Client And Server : Both of these are computers. Clients are computers which demands for information while Servers are the one which gives their stored information to the client.


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